The aim of this study is to determine the evolution of the lava flow extent for the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption in Iceland using OBIA and Sentinel-1 data, to visualise the freely available data and the obtained lava outlines in an interactive way, and to evaluate the potential of freely available SAR data for semi-automated lava flow mapping.
Understanding and identifying volcanic hazards plays an essential role in disaster risk management. Volcanic eruptions and their associated processes can drastically impact human lives and cause socioeconomic disruption. Space-based technologies provide a comprehensive and methodical frame of reference for a better understanding of volcanic processes leading to disasters. Assessments of volcanic parameters and related risks are increasingly incorporating remote sensing data and techniques. This is because of the capability of Earth observation (EO) data to capture thermal anomalies, ground deformation, and ash dispersal within different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum (Cigna et al., 2009). Moreover, to monitor the development and progress of volcanic processes, it is necessary to utilise high-temporal resolution data that regularly document and track such events. Thus, the integration of EO data with volcanic deposits mapping and analysis allows for the improvement of risk assessment models, near-real-time monitoring, and decision-making processes.
The Reykjanes Peninsula (RP) in Iceland consists of five major volcanic systems including
the Brennisteinsfjöll, the Krýsuvík, the Fagradalsfjall, the Reykjanes, and the Eldey.
The Fagradalsfjall volcanic complex is located ~40 km southwest of Reykjavik and covers
an area of ~80 km². The 2021 Fagradalsfjall effusive eruption lasted
from March to September and marked the end of a long dormancy period in the RP.
