Results

user with model

After thorough research and experimentation, the exploration into multicolour 3D geovisualisations yielded intriguing results and valuable insights.
Printing Accomplishments: A total of 14 models were successfully printed, showcasing the capabilities of the techniques and equipment used.

Multicolour Printing Efficiency: Among the various printers tested, the Prusa XL emerged as the most efficient in producing high-quality multicolour 3D models. Despite its efficiency, cost considerations may pose a challenge for widespread adoption. The exploration also highlighted the viability of multi-material add-ons for single extruder printers, offering a balance between price and functionality, albeit with increased waste and print time.

Environmental Impact: An essential aspect of the study was assessing the environmental impact of multicolour 3D printing. This was done by recording and analysing waste material produced during the printing process. These findings are crucial for developing sustainable printing practices and minimising environmental footprint in future endeavours.

User Feedback and Accessibility: User testing played an essential role in refining models and processes. Through exercises with participants of varying backgrounds, including those with visual impairments, efforts were made to ensure accessibility and inclusivity in the geovisualisations. Valuable feedback obtained from these exercises informed improvements for future iterations. The figure below shows users' feedback when the comparing the 3D-printed map and paper map in terms of attractiveness and understandability.

pie chart

Knowledge Dissemination: A comprehensive multicolour 3D printing booklet was developed to document key findings and methodologies. This resource serves as a valuable tool for knowledge dissemination within the department and beyond, providing insights into the intricacies of multicolour 3D geovisualisations and printing techniques.

Future Direction: The research has resulted in a deeper understanding of the potentials and challenges of multicolour 3D geovisualisations. Future studies may focus on refining printing processes, enhancing accessibility features, and developing sustainable printing practices to minimise environmental impact.

Model List

Model # Name # of Colours Dimensions in mm (L×W×H) Printer
1 Kingston Mountains 3 117×114×30 Prusa i3 MK3S
2A New York City 5 181×225×59 Prusa XL
2B New York City 3 131×157×84 Prusa i3 MK3S & Palette 3 Pro
3A Praha Metro Map 5 301×213×7 Prusa XL
3B Praha Metro Line A 5 168×242×6 Prusa XL
3C Praha Metro Line B 5 162×329×6 Prusa XL
3D Praha Metro Line C 5 162×281×6 Prusa XL
4A Earth Structure 5 69×73×38 Prusa i3 MK3S & Palette 3 Pro
4B Earth Structure 5 81×68×38 Prusa XL
4C Earth Structure 5 203×162×64 Bambu P1S & AMS
5 Austria Population Density 2023 4 170×87×9 Prusa XL
6 Population Structure Pardubický kraj 6 257×190×13.5 Prusa XL
7A Lucerne Land Cover OSM 6 211×149×13 Prusa XL
7B Lucerne Land Cover CLC 6 211×149×13 Prusa XL